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Sunday, March 17, 2024

Mastering Academic References: An Essential APA Guide


APA Sway Presentation (Overview)

APA Links







Examples of Common References

  • Generally speaking, references should include the following (in this order):
  • Jornal article with a DOI
  • Journal article without a DOI (nondatabase URL)
  • Journal, magazine, or newspaper without a DOI (from most academic research databases)
  • Journal article with DOI (21 or more author.
  • Journal article published in another language
  • Authored book with a DOI
  • Authored book without a DOI (from most academic research databases)
  • Chapter in an edited book with a DOI

Error code (Writing Errors Code List)

The code, “APA” is used to indicate any errors related to APA. Some errors related to APA can lead to plagiarism (refer to Plagiarism and UAA Plagiarism Policy ELT 2023 if a UAA student). ## APA Summary Creating an extensive guide to writing academic texts according to APA (American Psychological Association) conventions involves covering several key aspects. APA style is widely used in the social sciences, and it is essential for ensuring clarity, precision, and consistency in scholarly writing. Here’s a comprehensive guide: ### 1. General Format

             Paper Size and Margins: Use standard-sized paper (8.5 x 11 inches). Margins should be 1 inch on all sides.

             Font and Size: Times New Roman 12-point font is the most commonly used, but other readable fonts like Arial (11-point) or Calibri (11-point) are also acceptable.

             Spacing: The entire document should be double-spaced, including the reference list.

             Alignment and Indentation: Text should be left-aligned with a 1/2 inch first-line indent for each paragraph.

             Page Numbers: Include a page number in the top right corner of every page.

             Acceptable fonts (APA, 7th edition) ### 2. Title Page

             Paper Title: Place the title in the upper half of the page, centered, in bold, and in title case.

             Author Name(s) and Affiliation: Below the title, include the author’s name and institutional affiliation.

             Course Name and Number, Instructor, and Due Date: These are optional depending on assignment requirements.

             Running Head: An abbreviated title, in uppercase, flush left on the title page. However, this is no longer required for student papers. ### 3. Abstract

             Length: Typically around 250 words.

             Placement: On a new page following the title page.

             Content: A concise summary of the key points of your paper, including the research topic, research questions, methods, results, conclusions, and implications. ### 4. Main Body

             Headings: Use headings to organize the paper. APA style has five levels of headings, ranging from level 1 (centered, bold, title case) to level 5 (indented, bold, italic, sentence case, ending with a period).

             Citations: Use in-text citations to acknowledge sources. The basic format is (Author, year). ### 5. In-Text Citations

             Quotations - Use sparingly: For direct quotes, include the page number or paragraph number.

             Paraphrasing: When paraphrasing, a page number is not required but can be included.

             Multiple Authors: Use ‘et al.’ for works with three or more authors.

             Use parenthetical citations over narrative citations. See Parenthetical Vs. Narrative Citations. ### 6. Reference List

             Placement: Start your reference list on a new page at the end of your paper.

             Order: List references in alphabetical order by the surname of the first author.

             Format: Use a hanging indent for each reference.

             Author Names: List the last name and initials (e.g., Smith, J. D.).

             Titles and Journals: Article titles are in sentence case, and journal titles are in title case and italicized. ### 7. Citations for Various Sources

             Books: Author, A. A. (Year). Title of work. Publisher.

             Journal Articles: Author, A. A. (Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, volume number(issue number), pages. https://doi.org/xx.xxx/yyyy

             Web Sources: Include the author, date, title, and URL. ### 8. Tables and Figures

             Numbering: Number tables and figures separately in the order they are mentioned in the text.

             Titles: Provide a brief, descriptive title for each table and figure.

             Source: Cite the source below the table or figure if it is not your own work. ### 9. Appendices

             Placement: After the reference list.

             Content: Include detailed information that supplements the main text but is too lengthy to include in the body. ### 10. Proofreading and Revisions

             Grammar and Spelling: Check for errors and ensure academic tone.

             APA Compliance: Ensure all aspects of your paper comply with APA guidelines. ### 11. Additional Resources

             APA Publication Manual: The most comprehensive resource.

             Online APA Guides: Websites like Purdue OWL offer detailed instructions and examples. ## APA Handouts

Links

             APA citations 2021update.pdf

             APA reference examples.pdf


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